| Action: | Positive ionotropic |
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| Synonym: | n/a |
• hawthorn (Crataegus monogyna) = mild
• lily of the valley (Convallaria majalis) = moderate
• foxglove (Digitalis purpurea) = strong
• Cardiovascular
Mechansim of Action:
• increase the amount of calcium ions in the cytoplasm of muscle cells and thus increase cardiac muscle contractions
Hoffman D. Medical Herbalism. Rochester, Vermont: Healing Arts Press, 2003.
Barnes J, Anderson LA, Phillipson JD. Herbal Medicines, 3rd ed. London: Pharmaceutical Press, 2007.
Bone K. Principles and Practice of Phytotherapy. Edinburgh: Churchill Livingstone, 2000.
Bone K. A Clinical Guide to Blending Liquid Herbs: Herbal Formulations for the Individual Patient. St Louis, MO: Churchill Livingstone, 2003.
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Positive ionotropicIndicationsTreatments• hawthorn (Crataegus monogyna) = mild Systems• Cardiovascular MechanismMechansim of Action: ReferencesHoffman D. Medical Herbalism. Rochester, Vermont: Healing Arts Press, 2003. |
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